Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos during a Canto Orfeonico or Orpheonic Chant at an Orpheonic Concentration...

Indoctrinating children through music education. From 1932-45 Villa-Lobos worked for the government of Getulio Vargas in Brazil as music educator. The Orpheonic Chant, a method of choral singing, was used to promote discipline among children while eduating them about aspects of ethnic and socio-cultural formation of the Brazilian people, the brasilidade. Villa-Lobos and Vargas promoted colossal events called Concentrações Orfeônicas (Orpheonic Concentrations), where thousands of school children were gathered in soccer stadiums or other public spaces on commemorative days of the fatherland such as the Independence Day or Flag Day to sing the nationalistic and patriotic hymns learned in school